The Fransciscan Proto-Martyrs, in a large historiated initial on a leaf from illuminated Antiphoner, on parchment [Florence, c. 1490] Single large leaf, with initial ‘A’ in pink heightened with sprays of white floral penwork, with green and blue acanthus leaves at top and bottom, enclosing five Franciscans each with a scimitar embedded in the tops of their bloodied heads, the foremost with a book and palm of martyrdom, all before a wide pale-blue sky, the whole initial set on brightly burnished gold grounds and with a densely packed border of coloured foliage and gold bezants and seed pods, capitals touched with scrolling penwork, red rubrics, 6 lines of large bookhand with music on a 4-line red stave (rastrum: 30 mm.), the same on the reverse with one large blue variegated initial with red and blue penwork, some small scuffs to gold and paint at edges of initial, else outstanding condition, 525 by 385 mm. The Franciscan proto-martyrs (Berard, Peter and Otho, as well as the lay-brothers Accursius and Adjutus) were sent by St. Francis himself out of Europe to preach Christianity to Muslim populations. Berard is recorded as an Arabic scholar and thus well suited to the task. They went first to Seville in Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain), but met with little success. From there they travelled into Almohad-ruled Morocco where they were immediately imprisoned, and after refusing to cease their missionary activities they were personally beheaded by Miromolin, the ruler of Morocco, on 16 January 1220. The return of their bodies to Portugal and the procession to Italy drew many to the fledgling order, including St. Anthony of Padua. Another leaf from this impressive Antiphoner was in Les Enluminures, catalogue 1, 2005, no. 14, with the artist identified as the circle of Attavante degli Attavanti (1452-c.1520/25). The emergence of this leaf firmly identifies the original owners of the volume as Franscican, perhaps those of the convent of Santa Croce, Florence.
The Fransciscan Proto-Martyrs, in a large historiated initial on a leaf from illuminated Antiphoner, on parchment [Florence, c. 1490] Single large leaf, with initial ‘A’ in pink heightened with sprays of white floral penwork, with green and blue acanthus leaves at top and bottom, enclosing five Franciscans each with a scimitar embedded in the tops of their bloodied heads, the foremost with a book and palm of martyrdom, all before a wide pale-blue sky, the whole initial set on brightly burnished gold grounds and with a densely packed border of coloured foliage and gold bezants and seed pods, capitals touched with scrolling penwork, red rubrics, 6 lines of large bookhand with music on a 4-line red stave (rastrum: 30 mm.), the same on the reverse with one large blue variegated initial with red and blue penwork, some small scuffs to gold and paint at edges of initial, else outstanding condition, 525 by 385 mm. The Franciscan proto-martyrs (Berard, Peter and Otho, as well as the lay-brothers Accursius and Adjutus) were sent by St. Francis himself out of Europe to preach Christianity to Muslim populations. Berard is recorded as an Arabic scholar and thus well suited to the task. They went first to Seville in Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain), but met with little success. From there they travelled into Almohad-ruled Morocco where they were immediately imprisoned, and after refusing to cease their missionary activities they were personally beheaded by Miromolin, the ruler of Morocco, on 16 January 1220. The return of their bodies to Portugal and the procession to Italy drew many to the fledgling order, including St. Anthony of Padua. Another leaf from this impressive Antiphoner was in Les Enluminures, catalogue 1, 2005, no. 14, with the artist identified as the circle of Attavante degli Attavanti (1452-c.1520/25). The emergence of this leaf firmly identifies the original owners of the volume as Franscican, perhaps those of the convent of Santa Croce, Florence.
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