MARGARET OF AUSTRIA, Duchess of Parma (1522-1586). Letter signed to Alfonso II d'Avalos, Marchese del Vasto, Governor of Milan (d.1546), Rome, 16 November 1544 , concerning the payment of the tithe, the 'decimo', for the fortification of Pavia, on the Abbey of Lanfranco held by Protonotary Pallavicino, whom she recommends to del Vasto as a person 'à me affectionata et gli sono in qualche obbligo', 11 lines, 293 x 215mm , integral address leaf, papered seal (papered seal detached). Margaret of Austria was the natural daughter of Emperor Charles V. She was first married to Alessandro de' Medici but after his death in 1537 she took the 12-year old Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, as her second husband. In 1559 Philip II appointed her Governor of the Netherlands. The subject matter of this letter, concerning the demand for a tithe payable to the Governor of Milan, is of particular interest at this date. Earlier in the year Alfonso II d'Avalos, Governor of Milan for the Empire, encountered his first serious reverse with defeat at the hands of the French at Cerisolles. In September the Habsburg-Valois Wars were halted by the peace of Crespy, and the inhabitants of Milan complained about the weight of the taxes charged against them; the enemies of the Governor rumoured that he had kept for himself money intended for the emperor. Avalos returned to Spain to a frosty reception from Charles V, and was required to report before a commission set up to examine the finances of Milan. This was effectively the end of his career at court and he died on his return to Italy.
MARGARET OF AUSTRIA, Duchess of Parma (1522-1586). Letter signed to Alfonso II d'Avalos, Marchese del Vasto, Governor of Milan (d.1546), Rome, 16 November 1544 , concerning the payment of the tithe, the 'decimo', for the fortification of Pavia, on the Abbey of Lanfranco held by Protonotary Pallavicino, whom she recommends to del Vasto as a person 'à me affectionata et gli sono in qualche obbligo', 11 lines, 293 x 215mm , integral address leaf, papered seal (papered seal detached). Margaret of Austria was the natural daughter of Emperor Charles V. She was first married to Alessandro de' Medici but after his death in 1537 she took the 12-year old Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, as her second husband. In 1559 Philip II appointed her Governor of the Netherlands. The subject matter of this letter, concerning the demand for a tithe payable to the Governor of Milan, is of particular interest at this date. Earlier in the year Alfonso II d'Avalos, Governor of Milan for the Empire, encountered his first serious reverse with defeat at the hands of the French at Cerisolles. In September the Habsburg-Valois Wars were halted by the peace of Crespy, and the inhabitants of Milan complained about the weight of the taxes charged against them; the enemies of the Governor rumoured that he had kept for himself money intended for the emperor. Avalos returned to Spain to a frosty reception from Charles V, and was required to report before a commission set up to examine the finances of Milan. This was effectively the end of his career at court and he died on his return to Italy.
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