Bible, Old Testament, in Spanish Biblia en lengua Espaola traduzida palabra por palabra dela verdad Hebrayca. Ferrara: Duarte Pinel (Abraham Usque) for Jeronimo de Vargas (Yom Tob ben Levi Atias), 1553. First edition of the Old Testament in Spanish, produced for the use of Spanish-speaking Jews who had fled the Iberian states. The ‘Ferrara Bible’ owed its existence to the city's liberal laws under the reign of Ercole II d'Este (1534-1559), which attracted Jews from Spain and Portugal as well as from the less hospitable Italian city-states. The Portuguese scholar-printer Abraham ibn Usque, who had taken refuge in Ferrara before 1550, abandoning there his Christian name Duarte Pinel along with Catholicism, published a number of Hebrew works of philosophy and theology from 1553-1557. His publication of a word-for-word Spanish translation of the Old Testament, intended to meet the needs of Spanish and Portuguese Marranos who knew no Hebrew and were in need of Jewish texts in the vernacular, was financed by the Spanish Jew Yom Tob Atias. For the text Usque used an old Jewish translation previously known only in manuscript (a closely similar version had been included in the Polyglot Pentateuch published by Soncino in Constantinople in 1547, in Judeo-Spanish, i.e. a Hebrew transliteration of Spanish). Two issues of the bible are known: the present copy belongs to the issue dedicated to Ercole II and with the colophon dated 1553 and the printer's and publisher's names in their Christian forms. The rarer issue contains a dedication to ‘doa Gracia Naci,’ the wealthy and influential patroness of the Iberian Jews in Italy, and the colophon bears the Jewish names of the printer and his backer and the Jewish year 5513. Other variants occur apparently randomly and are probably the result of stop-press modifications rather than a deliberately ‘Jewish’ or ‘Christian’ issue: there are three variants for the translation of Isaiah vii.14 (fol. Z8): virgen implying a ‘Christian’ reading of Isaiah; the ‘Jewish’ reading moca; and the variant ALMA (as in this copy), in capitals, an attempt to transliterate the original Hebrew word. A few verses were mistakenly omitted from the end of Leviticus vii.36 to the beginning of viii.7 (fol. F7v-F8r) and corrected by a cancel leaf in some copies (uncorrected here). Stanley Rypins, ‘The Ferrara Bible at Press’, The Library, 5th series. X/4 (1955), pp. 244-269; Adams B-1254; Darlow & Moule 8467; Palau 28940; Steinschneider 1320. Folio (283 x 200mm). 410 leaves (without the 2-leaf Haftarot table, as often). Gothic type, double column, full woodcut title border with vignette of a storm-tossed galleon, woodcut initials (title with 2 small holes and minor marginal repairs, small marginal repair in last leaf, occasional browning and light stain or spotting, short paper flaw into text in Q3). 17th-century calf panel in gilt with brown morocco onlays, initials Y S S V on both covers, flat spine, edges elaborately gilt and gauffered (rebacked preserving original backstrip, repaired at corners (old scuffing, hinges cracking, a few wormholes at spine and back cover); modern brown morocco. Provenance: some ?17th-century annotations – indistinct stamp on title – [a typed bibliographical description loosely inserted cites this as from the library of George John Warren, 1st Baron Vernon (1803-66)] – James P.R. Lyell, Oxford (1871-1949, solicitor, book collector and bibliographer; bookplate).
Bible, Old Testament, in Spanish Biblia en lengua Espaola traduzida palabra por palabra dela verdad Hebrayca. Ferrara: Duarte Pinel (Abraham Usque) for Jeronimo de Vargas (Yom Tob ben Levi Atias), 1553. First edition of the Old Testament in Spanish, produced for the use of Spanish-speaking Jews who had fled the Iberian states. The ‘Ferrara Bible’ owed its existence to the city's liberal laws under the reign of Ercole II d'Este (1534-1559), which attracted Jews from Spain and Portugal as well as from the less hospitable Italian city-states. The Portuguese scholar-printer Abraham ibn Usque, who had taken refuge in Ferrara before 1550, abandoning there his Christian name Duarte Pinel along with Catholicism, published a number of Hebrew works of philosophy and theology from 1553-1557. His publication of a word-for-word Spanish translation of the Old Testament, intended to meet the needs of Spanish and Portuguese Marranos who knew no Hebrew and were in need of Jewish texts in the vernacular, was financed by the Spanish Jew Yom Tob Atias. For the text Usque used an old Jewish translation previously known only in manuscript (a closely similar version had been included in the Polyglot Pentateuch published by Soncino in Constantinople in 1547, in Judeo-Spanish, i.e. a Hebrew transliteration of Spanish). Two issues of the bible are known: the present copy belongs to the issue dedicated to Ercole II and with the colophon dated 1553 and the printer's and publisher's names in their Christian forms. The rarer issue contains a dedication to ‘doa Gracia Naci,’ the wealthy and influential patroness of the Iberian Jews in Italy, and the colophon bears the Jewish names of the printer and his backer and the Jewish year 5513. Other variants occur apparently randomly and are probably the result of stop-press modifications rather than a deliberately ‘Jewish’ or ‘Christian’ issue: there are three variants for the translation of Isaiah vii.14 (fol. Z8): virgen implying a ‘Christian’ reading of Isaiah; the ‘Jewish’ reading moca; and the variant ALMA (as in this copy), in capitals, an attempt to transliterate the original Hebrew word. A few verses were mistakenly omitted from the end of Leviticus vii.36 to the beginning of viii.7 (fol. F7v-F8r) and corrected by a cancel leaf in some copies (uncorrected here). Stanley Rypins, ‘The Ferrara Bible at Press’, The Library, 5th series. X/4 (1955), pp. 244-269; Adams B-1254; Darlow & Moule 8467; Palau 28940; Steinschneider 1320. Folio (283 x 200mm). 410 leaves (without the 2-leaf Haftarot table, as often). Gothic type, double column, full woodcut title border with vignette of a storm-tossed galleon, woodcut initials (title with 2 small holes and minor marginal repairs, small marginal repair in last leaf, occasional browning and light stain or spotting, short paper flaw into text in Q3). 17th-century calf panel in gilt with brown morocco onlays, initials Y S S V on both covers, flat spine, edges elaborately gilt and gauffered (rebacked preserving original backstrip, repaired at corners (old scuffing, hinges cracking, a few wormholes at spine and back cover); modern brown morocco. Provenance: some ?17th-century annotations – indistinct stamp on title – [a typed bibliographical description loosely inserted cites this as from the library of George John Warren, 1st Baron Vernon (1803-66)] – James P.R. Lyell, Oxford (1871-1949, solicitor, book collector and bibliographer; bookplate).
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